"제3세계는 더 이상 환경을 파괴하는 생활양식과 소비관습을 이전받기를 원하지 않는다. 인간의 삶을 보다 합리적으로 만들자. 정의로운 국제경제 질서를 만들자. 모든 과학지식을 환경오염이 아닌 지속가능한 발전을 위해 사용하자. 외채가 아니라 생태에 진 빚을 갚자. 인류가 아니라 굶주림을 사라지게 하자."
유재현의 쿠바 여행기 <느린 희망>을 읽다가, 1992년 리우 지구환경회의에서의 카스트로 연설문을 만났다. 짧지만 아주 힘있는 목소리다. 1992년은 '신자유주의 세계화'가 아직 세상을 휩쓸기 전이다. 그때는 적어도 "외채가 아니라 생태에 진 빚을 갚자"고 당당히 목소리를 내던 시대였다.
By Fidel Castro
Mr. President of Brazil Fernando Collor de Melo; Mr. UN Secretary General Brutru Butrus-Ghali; Your Excellencies:
An important biological species is in danger of disappearing due to the fast and progressive destruction of its natural living conditions: mankind. We have now become aware of this problem when it is almost too late to stop it.
It is necessary to point out that consumer societies are fundamentally responsible for the brutal destruction of the environment. They arose from the old colonial powers and from imperialist policies which in turn engendered the backwardness and poverty which today afflicts the vast majority of mankind. With only 20 percent of the world's population, these societies consume two-thirds of the metals and three-fourths of the energy produced in the world. They have poisoned the seas and rivers, polluted the air, weakened and punctured the ozone layer, saturated the atmosphere with gases which are changing weather conditions with a catastrophic effect we are already beginning to experience.
The forests are disappearing. The deserts are expanding. Every year thousands of millions of tons of fertile soil end up in the sea. Numerous species are becoming extinct. Population pressures and poverty trigger frenzied efforts to survive even when it is at the expense of the environment. It is not possible to blame the Third World countries for this. Yesterday, they were colonies; today, they are nations exploited and pillaged by an unjust international economic order. The solution cannot be to prevent the development of those who need it most. The reality is that anything that nowadays contributes to underdevelopment and poverty constitutes a flagrant violation of ecology. Tens of millions of men, women, and children die every year in the Third World as a result of this, more than in each of the two world wars.
Unequal terms of trade, protectionism, and the foreign debt assault the ecology and promote the destruction of the environment. If we want to save mankind from this self-destruction, we have to better distribute the wealth and technologies available in the world. Less luxury and less waste by a few countries is needed so there is less poverty and less hunger on a large part of the Earth. We do not need any more transferring to the Third World of lifestyles and consumption habits that ruin the environment. Let human life become more rational. Let us implement a just international economic order. Let us use all the science necessary for pollution-free, sustained development. Let us pay the ecological debt, and not the foreign debt. Let hunger disappear, and not mankind.
Now that the alleged threat of communism has disappeared and there are no longer any more excuses for cold wars, arms races, and military spending, what is blocking the immediate use of these resources to promote the development of the Third World and fight the threat of the ecological destruction of the planet? Let selfishness end. Let hegemonies end. Let insensitivity, irresponsibility, and deceit end. Tomorrow will be too late to do what we should have done a long time ago. Thank you
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